American Off-Shore Drilling: Crisis or Fortune Essay

Living within a country that thrives off of technology creates an infinite demand for power. From the extensive automobile power structure to the agricultural industry that America is reliant on, oil and natural gas are specifically necessary to make this part of the â€Å"go ‘round†. Within the gulfs, seas, and oceans that surround the United States of America lies illimitable amounts of natural oils, which are nestled in the crust of the earth. Over the years, the retrieval, refining and use of this natural resource has been controversial for a mass variety of reasons, both sides presenting substantial reasoning as to the pros and cons to off-shore oil and natural gas drilling. Each American must determine their opinion once reviewing both sides of this issue. What cost is America willing to pay to grow in power at the world’s expense, or what amount of power is America willing to do without in order save the earth? Off shore drilling is too vital to America’s economy to be done away with and due to advances in technology, it has become safer for both the environment and its inhabitants, more reliable, pragmatic, and affordable to both the manufacturers and consumers. Oil and natural gas companies such as Chevron, BP, and PennEnergy support the lives of millions upon billions of people through the natural gas and oil they drill from below the water of the oceans surrounding America. These companies are essential to let America be self-reliant in terms of power. As stated by Gingrich, the U. S. spends $700 billion dollars each year on foreign oil imports. (148) The United States are more than capable to support themselves through the amount of natural resources available within it’s territory. â€Å"America is suffering from an artificial energy crisis that is also a dangerous national security crisis- artificial, because America is gifted with enormous reserves of energy; dangerous, because it makes us vulnerable to unreliable and potentially hostile countries. † (Gingrich, XI) Statistics show that there is an estimated 18. 2 billion barrels of oil and 85. 7 trillion cubic feet of natural gas that could safely extracted from US area. (Gingrich, 139) The resources are readily available and by keeping commerce within national borders, a country will continue to support its economy. Becoming dependent on other countries for items that are readily available within the borders is a complete waste. The United States government has put an extremely severe lock on more than eighty percent of all available area to conduct off shore drilling within the federal borders. Gingrich, 14) With rising prices, off shore drilling would be an intuitive choice on congress’ part that would create more job opportunities, more products available to export, and certainly more stability in the energy crisis. The Scotsman newspaper published a statement that said that the off shore drilling industry would supplement â€Å"enormous opportunities† worldwide. With advances in technology, â€Å"Subsea processing, separating, compressing, and pumping are on the leading edge of offshore production technology, especially for deep and ultra deepwater and also harsh environments. (Kliewer, 1) The last major oil spill to occur within the Gulf of Mexico was in 1980. It is also fact that ninety-five percent of the oil that is found within the gulf is not caused by human activity at all. Being that oil is a natural resource and readily available right below the surface, the majority of all oil comes naturally from the earth’s crust on its own. (Gingrich, 99) From the late twentieth century to today, companies have made it a personal goal to make their business as environmentally safe as possible, which benefits all parties involved. There are still continuous efforts to perfect this industry. Oil and natural gas companies believe that the use of technology and innovation and incentives will make it unnecessary to raise taxes to clean up the environment. (Gingrich, 145) These companies want to work with conservationists and environmentalists to properly balance the extraction of natural resources with the wellbeing of the environment. This mindset portrays how maturely, sagaciously, and efficiently the oil and natural gas companies wish to continue their business. Conservationists and environmentalists believe that offshore drilling is nothing but detrimental to the natural occurrence of earth. Offshore oil drills are immutably harmful to both the flora and fauna of the sea, land, and air from a conservationist’s point of view. Within the northern most division of the United States, Alaska, polar bears are at serious risk that could lead to extinction if and when an oil spill was to occur. â€Å"†¦Oil covered polar bears have little chance to survive spills, because the oil the bears ingest while trying to clean themselves could cause death. † (Polar†¦) Deep offshore drilling projects have been said to lead to the emission of lethal gasses. Drilling in water depths greater than 500 feet releases methane, a greenhouse gas at least twenty times more potent than carbon dioxide in its contribution to global warming. † (Juhaz, 311) When a company goes into an area to drill for oil they must first evaluate the area with sonar machines to determine if there is any amount of oil to be obtained. â€Å"Seismic survey devices and military sonars have been implicated in numerous whale beaching and stranding incidents, including a mass stranding of sixteen whales in the Bahamas in December 2001. (Juhaz, 313) Marine animals and fish have much more sensitive hearing than humans and therefore the sonar machines can damage their ability to attract mates and fend against predators. Environmentalists also scrutinize oil companies for the number of injuries that employees suffer while working on offshore oil rigs. The HSE inspects all oil rigs throughout the gulf. Within the past few years, the number of injuries has dropped a considerable amount. It is believed though, that the only reason these numbers were lower is due to the fact that a smaller number of actual injuries were reported. Low†¦) Seaside communities can also feel the negative effects of oil spills. These communities have no choice in what washes up on their shores, where the majority of their popularity can come from. If an oil spill were to occur, it is not a guarantee that they would receive any compensation for the damages. Costal tourist communities would especially suffer. â€Å"‘If there’s one spill or one disaster, you could destroy us for a very long time. ’† (Juhaz, 314) Not only would their homes and communities be affected, but also their livelihood. Offshore oil and gas companies have exemplary motives, standards, and hopes for their business. Environmentalists constantly attack these companies with verbose denunciation that is often not valid. For instance, Juhasz wrote in his book The Tyranny of Oil that somewhere between 1,500 and 2,000 tons of waste material is released into the water annually. This is misleading and obscure considering that the â€Å"waste material† consists of rock, mud, and minerals, all of which are overly abundant in the oceans without any human interference. 312) Many environmentalists also choose to ignore the fact that oil rigs have become essential and permanent habitats for marine life. â€Å"†¦A growing debate is emerging between those who wish to see the rigs disappear entirely and the ones who believe that doing so would destroy an important habitat. † (Rothbach) Even non-intentionally, the owners of oil rigs are benefitting the environment in which they conduct business. It is very possible that they are doing more good than harm to the fish and plants that they first intruded upon. It seems that environmentalists can be somewhat hypocritical in their attempt to extol their platform. It is clear that environmentalists will fight against offshore drilling no matter what strides are made or facts are presented. The key is working to make a situation that benefits the consumers, companies, communities, and of course the environment. This is a very difficult task at hand but manageable. As mentioned before, oil and gas companies are making noticeable strides in â€Å"going green† to benefit the environment. â€Å"Through creative decision making, solutions can be present themselves in a way that all parties will find reasonable, even if not ideal. (Rothbach) In order to prevent the dispersing of dangerous drilling fluids, companies are working to develop a water based, high alkaline solution of silica-based solutions called silanes. (Nowak) Companies are also working to â€Å"set tight standards on carbon dioxide emissions, it will drive more fuel efficient vehicles, which will in effect reduce our dependence on foreign oil. † (Martin) Also, â€Å"subsea facilities are viewed as a path to bring production to market faster while extending life in the field. † (Kliewer) The country of America is most definitely reliant on energy. With each household having an average of two cars each, fuel is a considerable necessity. (Marlin) Environmentalists try to belittle the need for power that America has. This cannot be done. Power is a need that should be on the top of the list to be addressed. The process of which to obtain it is something that should be done with the environment in mind. With the steps already being taken to create an ideal balance, success is visible on the horizon. With advances in technology it is more than possible for the oil industry to be clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly. â€Å"America could rival-even exceed- the world’s biggest energy powerhouses. † (Gingrich, 39) The offshore oil industry is a gold mine just waiting to be taken advantage of. America has just scratched the surface of its potential below its oceans and seas. Considering the fact, that the advances in safety and efficiency have recently been perfected, the timing is perfect to really dive into the fortune that will take America to the top of the power chain in the world.

A youth subculture Essay

A youth subculture is a youth-based subculture with distinct styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer participants an identity outside of that ascribed by social institutions such as family, work, home and school. Youth subcultures that show a systematic hostility to the dominant culture are sometimes described as countercultures The punk subculture, which centres on punk rock music, includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashions and forms of expression, including visual art, dance, literature and film. The subculture is largely characterized by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom. The punk subculture emerged in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States in the mid-1970s A rave (from the verb: to rave) is a large party or festival featuring performances by disc jockeys (colloquially called DJs) and occasionally live performers playing electronic music, particularly electronic dance music (EDM). Music played at raves include house, trance, techno, drum and bass, hardcore and other forms of electronic dance music with the accompaniment of laser light shows, projected images, visual effects and smoke machines. The rave scene is know mostly worldwide for its use of club drugs, such as MDMA, LSD, and psychedelic mushrooms. Rave culture originated mostly from acid house music parties in the mid-to-late 1980s in the Chicago area in the United States.[1] After Chicago house artists began experiencing overseas success, it quickly spread to the United Kingdom, Central Europe, Australia and the rest of the United States.[2][3] The goth subculture is a contemporary subculture found in many countries. It began in England during the early 1980s in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post-punk genre. The goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify. Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from the 19th century Gothic literature along with horror films.[1][2][ In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a set of  people with a distinct sets of behavior and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. The subculture may be distinctive because of the age of its members, or by their race, ethnicity, class and/or gender, and the qualities that determine a subculture as distinct may be aesthetic, religious, occupational, political, sexual or a combination of these factors. It may be difficult to identify subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may often be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes, as businesses will often seek to capitalise on the subversive allure of the subculture in search of cool, which remains valuable in selling any product. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles which are alien to the mainstream. A common example is the punk subculture of the United Kingdom, whose distinctive (and initially shocking) style of clothing was swiftly adopted by mass-market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest. In this sense, many subcultures can be seen to be constantly evolving, as their members attempt to remain one step ahead of the dominant culture. In turn, this process provides a constant stream of styles which may be commercially adopted. Many people would consider that the most visible examples of subcultures are youth groups which identify themselves through distinctive styles of dress, activity and music. However, there is a certain difficulty in supplying examples, in that the process by which subcultural style is incorporated by the dominant culture provokes a state of constant evolution in many subcultures. Musical subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history (jazz, punk, hip-hop, rave culture) may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time. However, many subcultures also reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. Indeed, the resistance to commercial exploitation may often represent a key part of this ideology. Perhaps the best example would be the punk subculture, which has progressed through several cycles of revival and commercial appropriation in its history. Members of the punk subculture can often be identified by their distinctive clothing, hair, jewellery and tattoos. In contrast to its commercialised variant, many punks consider that the subculture also possesses a distinctive punk ideology which rejects commercialism and conformity. A similar philosophy may be found in underground hip hop culture, which has also faced mass-market commercialisation and dilution of its ideals.

Black Experience Essay Research Paper WEB DuBois

Black Experience Essay, Research Paper W.E.B DuBois criticized Washington greatly because of his political and educational doctrines. DuBois was an advocator of higher instruction and gifted black leaders. He felt that Washington s advocation for industrial larning finally hindered the black person and placed them in a place to accept a position of a 2nd category citizen. DuBois felt that inkinesss should endeavor for their rights and non put them aside for economic addition. Due to increasing battle to get the better of racial barriers, Washington s thoughts began to free influence by the 1910. DuBois along with Marcus Garvey brought in new, more extremist thoughts. Despite the fact that Garvey and Dubois presented more extremist thoughts than those of Washington, they were still political antagonists. DuBois believed that one could work within the model of American society to make alteration. Garvey believed that inkinesss could neer obtain justness in a state where the bulk of the population was white. He advocated that inkinesss should see Africa as their fatherland and they should settle at that place. Garvey founded his Back-to-Africa, upon this doctrine. Washington, DuBois, and Garvey have extremely different point of views, but his can be attributed to the fact that they came from really different backgrounds. Booker T. Washington was born a slave in Virginia. After emancipation he worked in what would be considered comparatively unskilled labour places. He subsequently went on to analyze at Hampton University where he would subsequently learn. The experiences in his life fused with his experience with instruction would take him to establish Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. In Washington s life he found that difficult industrial work and basic instruction assisted in his success. He used his ain life experiences as the greatest theoretical account for his thoughts on the black race. DuBois had a really contrasting background to that of Washington. DuBois came from a more privileged background. His life work centered around the betterment of African Americans, but he wanted to make so with the concerted attempt of inkinesss every bit good as broad white. DuBois attracted largely upper category and rational inkinesss in the beginning of his calling. He subsequently shifted his idea to appeal to everyone through emotion. Despite his attempts in the ulterior part of his calling to appeal to everyone, DuBois tended to estrange poorer inkinesss, who turned to Marcus Garvey s school of idea. Garvey grew up in impoverished Jamaica where he received minimum schooling. He relocated to Latin America and so E ngland where he was exposed to the Pan-African Movement. These thoughts were the foundation for his Back to Africa motion in the United States. The thought of a dissentious African American community did non merely manifest itself in the opposing sentiments of Washington, DuBois and Garvey. It surfaced in the motions and leaders that were the replacement of these three work forces. Martin L. King represented different ideals than those of Malcolm X. Malcolm X had really different position points than those of the likes of Eldridge Cleaver, Stokley Carmichael and Huey Newton. Basically these other three opposing position points stem from a different clip period, but the same type of splits in the schools of thought arise. These leaders basically represented and appealed to different groups of black people. The black community has neer obtained a triumph for all the sectors of its community. Yes, the civil rights motion made great headrooms for the black community politically, but it did non win at turn toing the economic conditions of the hapless black individual. It besides did non appeal to the black person who was concerne d about advancing the complete political and economic control of the black community. The civil rights motion was chiefly a triumph that has led to the prosperity of the in-between category inkinesss of the 1960 s. In the interim groups like the black under category have been left to drop or swim in America s capitalistic economic system which thrives of the really fact that there is an lower class. Washington s, DuBois and Garvey s point of views are clearly representative of positions that can be taken on by modern-day Afro-american in the new millenary. There is no cosmopolitan black American experience, the exclusive consolidative commonalty possibly that all inkinesss to some degree experience the effects of bondage. Soon in the United States the black community can be divided in to many subdivisions such as upper category, in-between category, working category, under category. With in all of these classs, there are farther divisions of the Afro-american that has recent West-Indian, African, Latin and European roots. All of these subsets of the black community have wholly different life positions. The black jobs of the 1920 s remain unreciprocated and the continue to resurface continually in the millenary. Black America must recognize that it is merely through he corporate digest of different schemes like those of Washington, DuBois and Garvey can black America present the blow that will be necessary to truly undertake the jobs of most of black America.

Analysis of Coca-Cola Company Strategies Assignment

Analysis of Coca-Cola Company Strategies - Assignment Example The case analysis revealed that the strategies of Coca-Cola have been to focus on global marketing as well as on local manufacturing activities. On the other hand, the objective of the company has been to enhance the total volume of sales of the products, to amplify the share of ‘prepared to drink-beverage’ sales and to enlarge economic value-added by enhancing economic profit (Badal, 2007). Through the case study, it can be analyzed that there has been rise in the bottle water consumption all over the globe which has proved to be quite favorable for various products of Coca-Cola such as ‘Dasani’ and ‘Smart Water’. As per the data of Data monitor, it has been identified there has been rise in the soft-drink market in Asia-Pacific region by 4.1 percent in the year 2010. It is expected that there would be further rise in demand of soft-drink products to 23.3% by the end of the year 2015. It has further been expected that the demand of complementary food will escalate the consumption of drink. Therefore, it can be anticipated that greater number of people are most likely to purchase the products of Coca-Cola along with the complimentary food products. It has further been observed that the company has attained success in past performances with some innovative products such as Coke Zero. Hence if Coca-Cola creates such new products, then there is gr eater opportunity for business growth (Badal, 2007). One of the biggest threats to the company is increasing rivalry with other competitors. The biggest competitors of the company are PepsiCo, Kraft Foods as well as Unilever. Furthermore, the changing taste, as well as preferences of the company, can also be pose threat to the company. Most of the health advocates in present days tend to suggest people on declining the consumption of high fructose corn syrup which is a form of sugar contained by Coca-Cola products.

Identify the factors that influencing young consumers' online purchase Essay

Identify the factors that influencing young consumers' online purchase behaviour towards fashion garments - Essay Example The research methods will include questionnaires. The aim is to allocate 160 research questionnaires within different locations. Different location distribution will allow for a wide and varied opinions and outcomes of the research components. In different set-ups, many young members of the community are fascinated with the idea of online shopping. It has led to believe that online shopping or online information on fashion and design contributes greatly to the factors that affect consumer decision on purchases. Fashion information that is available online creates positive impacts and develops positive relationship with young consumers. It influences their purchases behavior towards fashion garments. A study of the factors contributing to online shopping among young people is an important factor towards learning more about online marketing and e-commerce. The author intends to give a brief description of the importance of the study, its aim and purpose. As a researcher, personal intentions for handling the project are to analyze the various motives, which attract young consumers to buy items online. The literature review provides empirical evidence based on historical research that involved the same hypothesis. Online purchasing behavior, marketing, product viewing, fashion information online, delivery, social influences, consumer characteristics, online merchants and intermediaries, fashion and celebrity endorsement The purpose of the research proposal is to lay out a foundation for carrying out the actual research and explaining the basic steps that will be used in the research. It identifies the internet experience elements that facilitate interaction between the customer and fashion garments in an online forum. Many researchers stipulate that the online experience is the best in terms of fashion and garments. Online marketing is designed in a way that it creates a gripping and influential experience (Mccornic and

Constructivists approach towards management of change Essay

Constructivists approach towards management of change - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that social constructionism is considered to be an ‘epistemology’ owing to its approach of knowledge. The philosophy of social constructionism accentuates on the communication among the people in a particular group. Basically, social constructionism is based on three main assumptions. The relational and the social constructionist perspective would be discussed in this paper in order to understand about personality clashes. These perspectives would be discussed so as to bring in clarity for the reason of professional effectiveness. The notion of ‘construct’ focuses on the structure of reality that is made. In other words, it can be said that people build up stories, theories, and ideas in order to assist them in coping up with the real world. Furthermore, the knowledge possessed by people does not impartially mirror the outside reality. It is all the time shaped from one’s own insights, knowledge, and princip les. The notion of ‘social’, states that the structures which are concentrated on the surrounding world are possible to be developed only with the help of communication with others. Knowledge or experiences are said to subsist only in the instance when it is communicated with another individual. Constructs are communicated stories and these facilitate people to operate as a collective group. The notion of social constructionism stresses on the fact that these structures are practical and is bound to be helpful in the course of daily activities.... 00) and Botella & Herrero (2000) that an amalgamative connection between the approaches of social constructionism and cognitive constructionism could be termed as ‘relational constructivism’. The perception of Adlerian reverberates with the theory of social constructionism in relation to the socio-cultural sources for the growth of human psychology. Although it was agreed that humans lived in a world that has individuals or persons and which is socio-cultural but each and every person had a differentiating feature of personhood which is being obtain by every individual. The theory of relational constructionism defines the process undertaken which leads to effective and developmental social construction. A perspective in relation to the relational constructionist provides fresh and prosperous likelihoods for importance in the courses of relations as well as social communications. Relational constructionism facilitates an individual or a person to have a â€Å"participato ry world view† and presumes the dominance of relations to be the source in which identities, intercultural relations, learning and communities, which are viewed as social structures, are constantly formed and altered. In case of relational constructionism, relating is not considered to be a personal action any more and no more condensed to be one-sided informal relations with comments. Being a perspective, it provides a more prosperous set of probabilities in regard to the way relating can be theorized. To add further, the principle of relational perspective is regarding what subsists or is present which is also referred as ontology. It is then linked with the way people recognizes it and makes it probable and helpful to inquire about the methodical suppositions of participants as well as the academic

Good and Evil - An analysis of the characters in Schiller's 'Die Essay

Good and Evil - An analysis of the characters in Schiller's 'Die Ruber' and Lessing's 'Emilia Galotti - Essay Example The subject of good and evil has been covered extensively by the world of theatre and literature where several eminent and noble minds have contributed immensely to the discussion and review of the issue. Several notable productions such as ‘Jackyll and Hyde’ and the Apollo Victoria Theatre in Australia have made an attempt to highlight a comparison between these two virtues. However, the subject has been a case for discussion since times immemorial and has become the subject of intense scrutiny in theatrical works over the past 300 years. German theatrical works have played an immense role in this area by helping produce some of the most magnificent works that deals with the good and the evil things in this world. Among them, the plays ‘Emilia Galotti’ by Lessing and ‘Die Rauber’ by Schiller have stood out in terms of their intricacy in projecting the subject that has worked wonders over the years in highlighting the issue. The current paper is an attempt at highlighting the same by discussing the subject in several perspectives of good and evil wherein each shall be discussed in separate sections. Lessing has always been one of the most famous playwrights in contemporary German literature. His 1771 play titled ‘Emilia Galotti’ has been the subject of intense scholarly debates for several centuries. There have been several interpretations of Emilia Galotti, which fall into three basic categories namely the traditional, scholarly association with the Roman legend of Virginia and as a father’s dilemma over securing and convincing the innocence of his daughter. There has been some opinion among a few scholars who view the play as a mere testimony of the struggle of the bourgeoisie (middle classes) against emancipation. However, the play is further very interesting to examine given that it provides a deeper insight

Achieving Sustainable Development in Construction Essay - 1

Achieving Sustainable Development in Construction - Essay Example In UK planning system, the notion of sustainable development is thoroughly expressed from national level, through the regional level, and finally touching the Local Development Framework. Nevertheless, how far a principle of sustainable development is adhered to in local planning could be different from one area to the other. The concept of sustainable development can be traced from various meetings held during the 1970s and 1980s. The 1972 UN Stockholm Conference on the human environment was one such initiative taken for the first time on global scale over the negative impacts of human functions causing harm to the environment. The concept of environmental security was advanced through the 1980 World Conservation Strategy planned by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in collaboration with the UN Environment Program and the World Wildlife Fund, for the welfare of mankind. Later, in 1987, the UN-sponsored Bruntland Commission issued a report, Our Common Future that attracted the attention on global poverty and degrading environment, which culminated in grabbing global attention through the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro. It paved the way on reaching global agreements over sustainable principles and action agenda over it (The Sustainability Report par. 3-7). The Brundtland Report 1987 The Brundtland Report (WCED 1987: 5)) has stressed on specific aspects of the definition of sustainable development, which is for â€Å"ensuring a better quality of life† to be attained through improved economic and environmental conditions. Sustainable development should be beneficial â€Å"for everyone†, assuring socially sustainable development. Stress is on sustainable development â€Å"for future generations†, which means all the three aspects, social, economic and environmental should be sustainable for attaining equal development of the present generation along with posterity (Lafferty 5). The Brun tland Report strives for â€Å"Common Action† on environmental policy by adhering to two methods, first, by following the ‘standard agenda’ on environmental policy, law, and institutions that create positive environmental impacts. Secondly, it advocates adhering to such policies that help in creating that positive impact. These two approaches indicate a unique way of addressing the problems and at organizations on resolving them (Lafferty 5). It is critical for the sustainability motive under the policy that its ecological aspects are discussed at the same time when other aspects such as the economic, business, energy, agricultural, industrial, and other aspects on the ditto agendas and in the same national and global level institutions are analyzed. The Bruntland Report admits it to be the leading challenge of the 1990s to include the objectives of sustainable development in the terms of reference of the government-formed committees to formulate concerned states ’ policies and planning besides managing with leading sectoral and global policies. Not only this, the concerned states are expected to take full responsibility of implementing such policies, programs, and budgets to support development that is ecologically and economically sustainable (Lafferty 5). United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992 It was an unusual UN conference on environment and development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, known as the Earth Summit. It was extraordinary because of its huge attendance and range of the issues discussed. After a lapse of twenty year in organizing another global scale conference on env

Pharmacology question (Neostigmine) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pharmacology question (Neostigmine) - Essay Example Ach is rapidly inactivated by ChE and endplate returns to its resting potential. However, if there is prolonged depolarization induced by these drugs, there is no further generation of action potential after the initial twitch and there is loss of electrical excitability at the motor endplate. Directly acting muscle relaxant: They exert direct action on the skeletal muscle, by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, they interfere with the excitation-contraction coupling (Bhattacharya 2003). Treatment of respiratory paralysis arising from an adverse reaction or overdose of a neuromuscular blocking agent should be by positive pressure artificial respiration with oxygen and maintenance of a patient airway until the recovery of normal respiration is assured. With the competitive blocking agents, this may be hastened by the administration of neostigmine methyl sulphate (0.5 to 2mg, intravenously) or edrophonium (10mg intravenously, repeated as required.) (Hardman 1996). Neostigmine is a quaternary ammonium compound that inhibits cholinesterase activity and thus prolongs and intensifies the physiological actions of acetylcholine. It probably also has direct effects on skeletal muscle fibres. To reverse neuromuscular blockade produced by competitive neuromuscular blockers, the usual adult dose in the UK is 50 to 70micrograms/kg given by intravenous injection over a period of 60 seconds; in the USA lower doses of 0.5 to 2mg are used. Additional neostigmine may be given until the muscle power is normal but a total of 5mg should not be exceeded. Similar doses may be used in children; the BNFC recommends a dose of 50 to 80micrograms/kg in neonates and children, to a maximum of 2.5mg in those under 12 years of age. The patient should be well ventilated until complete recovery of normal respiration is assured. To counteract any muscarinic effects in adults 0.6 to 1.2mg of atropine sulfate is given by intravenous injection with or before the dose of neostig mine; neonates and children up to 18 years of age may be given 20micrograms/kg of atropine sulfate (to a maximum of 600micrograms in those aged 1 month and over). It has been suggested that in the presence of bradycardia atropine sulfate should be given several minutes before neostigmine. Glycopyrronium bromide has been used as an alternative to atropine sulfate. Adverse effects The adverse effects of neostigmine are chiefly due to

Motorcycle Market Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motorcycle Market Report - Essay Example The recent trends in the motor bike industry suggest that the industry is shifting towards achieving more individualization or customization into the motor bikes offered to the customers. This customization comes in many forms. Therefore accessory offered by me is of really great value and according to the recent market trend. "The $14.6 billion* U.S. market for motorcycles is set to see its 13th consecutive growth year with the support of a key consumer bloc. Baby boomers are heading out on the highway in droves. Motorcycles, including cruisers, sport bikes, touring and dirt bikes accounted for nearly 91% of motorcycle sales in 2004 and scooters, standard bikes and dual-purpose bikes accounted for the rest of the market. All segments have experienced a boost in 2005 and through 2006, due to skyrocketing gas prices, bringing more cycle devotees into the core user group and further changing the face of the motorcycle consumer. In 2003, there were 8.8 million motorcycles in operation in the United States, or 3 motorcycles for every 100 persons. Of those, 6.9 million were used on public roads and highways, and 2.4 million were used off-road, these figures also include 500,000 dual-bikes, which are designed for use on public roads and for off-highway recreational purposes.*" (http://www.tank-sports.com) Heated grips work as a "flexible, adhesive, wrap-around heating element with printed-circuit-type elements that fit between the handlebar and grip, keeping your digits from turning into frozen turkey feet of limited utility during cold weather rides.. "(http://www.aerostich.com) C) The market for allied accessories are high as the trends for customization are increased. It has been observed that the there exists different markets for bikes of different classes. The demand for such luxury individualized bikes are such that it has now transformed itself into a luxury business. It must also be noted that the market for accessories also depends upon what kind of luxury is customer ordering. The new trends in the market suggest that the customers prefer various chracterstics. If a customer require speed, the chasis built on the bikes could be light with some extensions in steerings of the bike whereas those prefer long journey can have heated seats with extra cushions so that the journey become more swift and trouble free. The market is growing as many research studies have suggested that the average income in the industry of the end users is increasing . A study suggest following "The average motorcycle rider was a 38-year-old married male with a college education earning $44,250 per year, according to Irwin Broh & Associates's 1998 survey. More than a third of motorcycle owners surveyed earned at least $50,000 per year, up from 20 percent in 1990. This profile represented an increase from just two years earlier, when the average motorcycle owner was 32 years old, with a median household income of $33,100, according to the Motorcycle Statistical Annual 1996. These older, more affluent riders of 1998 could afford heavier, more comfortable, more expensive motorcycles. Also, the ranks of women motorcyclists continued to grow in the 1990s, rising from 6.4 percent of riders in 1990 to 8.2 percent in 1998." (http://www.answers.com) Thus the average spending on

American Immigrants and Literacy Essay Example for Free

American Immigrants and Literacy Essay Language is very important in the society because it enables people to communicate with each other and for them to participate meaningfully in the affairs of the society. For first generation immigrants to the United States, however, the problem of literacy and language becomes more pronounced. These people migrate to the United States for a variety of reasons. It could be because of economic need. Or it may be because the country they came from is in political trouble and there are outright hostilities and war. In this regard, the education needs of these immigrants may not be congruent with what is in the United States. Since these immigrants entered the US as adults, the challenge to become literate and become expert in the English language is greater than for children. What usually happens is that the parents work incessantly to provide for the family while the children go to school and literate and adjusted to the culture of the US. For adults, however, this is a challenge. This issue could be addressed using a two-step strategy. The first would be the establishment of non-formal English as second language classes that are based in the communities and would be facilitated by the literate members of the society. This way, there would be greater acceptance and they would be more receptive to a member of their community . Alongside the non-formal teaching of English as second-language, there should be a functional literacy program. These adult immigrants would be taught specific matters and subjects that they need for their daily lives. They might not need to study calculus and advance literature, but what they need is a working knowledge of the society they are in and how they can make their lives more meaningful in this society.

My Future Carrer Essay Example for Free

My Future Carrer Essay How do you see your own future career, what would you like to happen and how do you think your life will change in the coming years? There are various options open nowadays. The problem of choosing the future profession has always been very important. The profession a person chooses in many ways determines his/her future life. To make a right choice first of all you should understand what you like to do. Usually there are several factors that influence the decision of young people. They concern material and spiritual aspects of the future career. It is generally believed that profession should be both prestigious and interesting. I can’t, but agree with this statement. Today the most popular profession is economics. This profession is both prestigious and interesting. From graduating from economic faculty it is possible to find good job. And of course it is well-paid. All this factors are important for me. I was born in a family of a businessman. Since my early childhood I watched the problems and difficulties in doing business in our country. On the other hand I saw how happy my dad was when he signed the profitable contracts, started a new firm. He really got satisfaction of a job well-done and gave a sense of achievement behind the clinching of an important deal. So I have decided to start my own business when I’m grown up. For this I have made up my mind to get serious about economics. I think that I have all needed skills to become a good businessman. As I’m on the go all my life, because of studying and my hobbies, I am very active and hard-working. Maybe I’m not restrained or patient, but I think, that employer will be impressed with my ambitions. I’m well-educated and creative. Nowadays you often find that the top executive in a company is a woman. I want to be one of them. I think that I have all leadership qualities to be the best. I think that in future I will attain all my goals and will really have my nose to the grindstone. As In the past, people do not have many choices about their future job. They usually continue their fathers and grandfathers jobs and careers. Nowadays, there are multiple of choices about the future job and they are independent of the family career. Each child now has a dream of his own future job and can be clearly appeared in their choices of their toys. One wants to be a doctor, other wants to be an engineer, other wants to be a teacher and so on. I thing when ones gets older and moves on the levels of education, it becomes not easy to choose the future job. More thinking comes about making the right choice and setting the criteria of choosing. I have thoughts about my future job, where I can express myself and become successful. I want in my future job to be able to use my initiative, feel freedom and independent, gain self satisfaction and get well-paid. Moreover, I want to have an excitement and continuance interest rather than routine job, which brings boredom and kills motivations and developments. I would like my future job to be in the education sector. I want to start my job as teacher, which I believe that it is an important job. It is connected to the humans’ mind that makes them different from all other creatures. It is also considered one of the oldest careers that known by the human. In addition, it is one of the main aims of the God’s messengers. One of the main objectives in my future job is continuation of development and gets more different and higher positions in the education sector. I think that will be more challengeable and exciting and give the chance to be more initiative. In conclusion, I want to be a successful in my future job and be an active person to ward the development of my country. I want be useful to my family make them proud and happy. Now, I am studying hard to get more knowledge and gain different skills to meet my objectives.

Formalistic Approach To Ode To The Death Of A Favourite Cat English Literature Essay

Formalistic Approach To Ode To The Death Of A Favourite Cat English Literature Essay The New Criticism began in the 1930s and 1940s and has since been a dominant force in twentieth century literary studies. To the degree that New Criticism focuses upon literary texts as formal works of art, it departs from the traditional topical / historical approach. The objection raised by the New Critics is that as topical / historical critics consider literary history, they evade direct contact with actual texts. The inspiration for the formalist or New Critical approach was the French practice of explication de texte, a method that emphasizes detailed examination and explanation. The New Criticism is at its most brilliant in the formal analysis of smaller units as entire poems and short passages. Discussions of point of view, tone, plot, character, and structure, for example, are formal ways of looking at literature that are derived from the New Criticism. The aim of the formalist study of literature is to provide readers not only with the means of explaining the content of works (What, specifically, does a work say?) but also with the insights needed for evaluating the artistic quality of individual works and writers (How well is it said?). A major aspect of New Critical thought is that content and form including all ideas, ambiguities, subtleties, and even apparent contradictions were originally within the conscious or subconscious control of the author. There are no accidents. It does not necessarily follow, however, that todays critic is able to define the authors intentions exactly, for such intentions require knowledge of biographical details that are irretrievably lost. Each literary work there fore takes on its own existence and identity, and the critics work is to discover a reading or readings that explain the facts of the text. Note that the New Critic doesnt claim infallible interpretations and does not exclude the validi ty of multiple readings of the same work. It seems  Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat in the Formalistic point of view is very absorbing. First skimming hurriedly through the poem gives this idea to the reader which it is the story of a cat struggling to catch a goldfish and finally drowns, but as we approach closer, we find out that the poetry is really meaningful. Even the form of the poem is not ineffective in its deep impression. The poem is divided to seven 6 lines stanzas with Thomas Grays used rhyme of AABCCB. The only primitive way to write this poem is employing the point of view of either cat, fish or separated third person, a beholder. The using of narrator approach by Thomas Gray is really adequate and impressive because it rises this idea that all characters are entangled and included. The symbolism another hint plays further important role in the poem. Gray never tries to recount things in a plain and unsophisticated way but he uses very vivid and pictorial adjectives like emerald eyes, ears of jet, tortoise vies, snowy beard, and pensive Selima thoroughly and exhaustively. Using this sort of expressions adds its adoration and decoration. The cat itself is a symbolic character. It describes something which is very similar to Freuds concept of Id. This is much like a two-year-old child. They only observe what they wish and go for it. Any sense of impediment is sensed in this person and you might think that there is not a thought in that persons head. Many instances of assonance are seen in the poem. Assonance refers to a technique that the beginning letters in a phrase are repeating to add emphasis. He utilizes such phrases like emerald eyes, golden gleam, and heedless hearts. In this sense it looks efficient because it employs the further metaphors and remarkable descriptions. The sequence of events in the poem determines the structure of Thomas Grays Ode to the death of a Favorite Cat. The poem starts by sharing an account of both cat and fish. The climax of the poetry is when the cat is going for the fish and it comes to deduction with the death of cat in trying to grasp the goldfish. Most readers can easily relate to this poem. Im assured that many people have often felt and recognized themselves in a situation that they have collapsed while in following of what they supposed would change their lives for better. The explanation of this poem can be considered by two different ways. In the surface study of the poem it is seen as a story of a not good fortune cat that drowns in the following of a goldfish or it recounts the story of all us in pursuing our dreams to grasp our desires and coming to what which we never predicted. What is clear is that Thomas Gray writes this poem to retell the feeling most of us and that struggling which many of people felt some time.

Report on Arcadias TOPMAN Essay -- Arcadia Business Management Essays

Report on Arcadia’s TOPMAN Introduction On the following pages you will find a formal report investigating Arcadia’s TOPMAN. It is a detailed report looking into several different areas of TOPMAN. In this report you will find information about: - The businesses legal status - The businesses objectives - The different department within the business and what they do - The management style the business uses - The culture the business has - The ICT used in the business - The types of communication used in the business There are at several different types of business the main ones being sole trader, partnership, private limited company, public limited company and franchise. All of the above company types are slightly different from each other. A sole trader is a company that is owned by one person. They are their own boss, they make their own decisions, all the profit that the business makes they have, they have the freedom that you don’t get when you are working for someone and a sole trader business is easy to set up. Also being a sole trader has disadvantages, the owner has to deal with all of the loss of the company (unlimited liability), they have to work long hours because they have to run the business them selves, they have fewer holidays than you would working for someone because they have to do everything them selves, getting money to start up a sole trader business can sometimes be hard because if a loan was needed banks hesitate when giving sole traders a loan because a very few amount of sole trader business succeed, they usually go out of business in the first year of trading. A partnership is a company that has to be owned by between two and twenty people. Investors in a partnership company can decide to join the company as a sleeping partner which is a person who invests money into the business but takes no part in the running, because there are lots of people running the business all the experience that every member of the workforce can be shared, all of the workload that needs to be don’t can also be shared, all of the loss or expenses can be shared between all of the partners therefore there would be a less amount to pay, the money that is needed to start the business can be made easier because there is a lot more people to combine there money together, also getting a... ... in higher profit turnover. Not only was the version 5 till system a strength but it also created a weakness, when the till system was first introduced for the first 4 weeks there were a lot of problems with them, they started, working extremely slow, declining most cards that customers wanted to pay with, freezing. All of the above problems caused TOPMAN to loose a lot of customers, when these problems happened the till had to be re-booted which took on aerage 10-15 minutes and customers used to get fed up and leave. Communication in TOPMAN is highly important when it comes to meeting there objectives, because TOPMAN has so many departments that are spread out all over England it is extremely hard to communication with everyone, but it is important. TOPMAN has developed several ways to effectively communicate with all of them departments whether it’s through e-mail, or telephone TOPMAN has a way to communicate with every person in the business at any time. So the communication in TOPMAN is very effective and helps TOPMAN achieve all of its objectives by providing every member of staff with the option to communicate with anyone they need at any time.

Free Essays: Symbolism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Nathaniel Hawthorne's work is typically fraught with symbolism, much of it deriving from his puritan ancestry. Hawthorne was obsessed with the themes of sin and guilt. John Roth notes that "A number of recurring thematic patterns and character types appear in Hawthorne's novels and tales" (Roth 76). Because he is speaking of what we would later come to call the unconscious, Hawthorne extensively employed the use of symbolism, which bypasses the conscious to tap into its more dream- like process below (Roth 76). In his short story "Young Goodman Brown," the main character Goodman Brown goes off into the woods and undergoes what will be a life changing experience. "Young Goodman Brown," was written in the nineteenth century but is undoubtedly set in the seventeenth century, and for the early Americans in this time period the forest was a symbol of the test of strength, courage, and endurance. It took a lot of courage to survive there, and the young person entering the forest would not emerge the same. But the story is more symbolic than realistic, and the dangers that Goodman Brown encounters in the forest are not Indians or bears; they are dangers of the spirit. It is no accident that such an experience should have taken place in the forest, because there is a long and extremely profound tradition in American literature where experiences of this nature haven taken place in forest settings. Psychologist Bruno Betelheim observes that "Since ancient times the near impenetrable forest in which w e get lost has symbolized the dark, hidden near-impenetrable world of our unconscious" (Betelheim, 94). However, this does not appear in "Young Goodman Brown." Instead of bravely battling down the dangers of the forest and emerging a more mature person, Goodman Brown emerges a ruined man. Â  It should not go unrecognized that Goodman Brown's wife, a light-hearted, genuine woman, has the name Faith. Faith is not by any means an unusual name for a woman, especially in puritan times, but it becomes significant in the story because she is presented to us first as a very young bride with pink ribbons in her hair, almost like a child. Her pink ribbons symbolize her youth, and her name symbolizes her husband's childlike spirituality at the beginning of the story. Christianity historically has been a religion of obedience and devotion much more than one of logic, as much as the framers of the age of reason would try to argue otherwise.

Langston Hughes Uses Poetry as a Tool for Self Discovery :: Biography Biographies Essays

Langston Hughes Uses Poetry as a Tool for Self Discovery When Langston Hughes was given this assignment by his college professor, he used it at a self discovery tool. I think this poem is merely letting him dig into himself to find out who he really is, and what his role is in society. Go home and write a page tonight. And let that page come out of you-- Then, it will be true. We could all take advice from this teacher. I don't think that the professor's words are to be taken very literally, as I know some of the other close readings will discuss. I think that the reason this assignment was given was to allow the students, or Hughes himself, to recognize some of the things about himself that he had never known or faced before. Sometimes when we write for someone else or for a specific class, we focus solely on what we are writing about and we tend to block off any part of ourselves that would escape onto the pages. In contrast, when we write in a journal, or freewrite, we tend to let all of our emotions out, and it is a way for some of us to deal with issues that are facing us, on a day to day basis. This is a way to get to know yourself better, and a way to deal with anger and unsettled emotions. Basically, I think the teacher wanted this assignment to be simple. He or she merely wanted the next assignment to be more personal, which Hughes took to that level if not beyond what was expected. From this poem I think we learn a lot about Hughes as a person, compared to some of his other works. Many of his other poems generalize the black man as an entire society, and in this poem we see the black man as Hughes himself, which to me, was very interesting. He lets us take a closer look into his life, and we are able to understand more of his heritage, and the things that inspire him, as a person, and as a writer. For example, in the very first stanza of the poem, he explains to us where he was born, where he was raised, and where he lives now, which is very important in understanding where someone gets their beliefs.

Ideologically Correct Science Essay

The book â€Å"Science and Ideology: A Comparative History† by Mark Walker seeks to give a comparative history of ideology and science in the 20th century. Chapter 3, â€Å"Ideologically Correct Science,† is considered to be one of the strongest chapters of the work. Conventionally, scholars have taken the cases of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union as typical examples in studying the relationship between ideology and science. However, in Chapter 3 of the book, Gordin, Grunden, Walker, and Wang expand conventional analysis to include the cases of France, Japan, the United States, and China. The purpose is to arrive at an examination of how science functioned in different countries under different ideological regimes. â€Å"Ideologically correct science† is defined as the â€Å"attempts by the state (or at least some representatives of, or forces within the state) to not only use science, but also transform it into a more ideologically accepted form, both with regard to scientific content and institutions† (Gordin, 2003, p. 35). Science is studied in relation to ideology because it is generally assumed that science is influenced by the political environment. However, how this relationship takes place in specific circumstances is not clearly known (Gordin, 2003). Some examples cited by Gordin et al. that demonstrate the call for an ideologically correct science under different types of regime include the Jacobins indicating the need for a democratic and not aristocratic science in the French Revolution, The Bolsheviks calling for a Marxist and not a bourgeoisie science in the Soviet Union, and the Red Guards highlighting a people’s science during Mao’s Cultural Revolution, to name a few (Gordin, 2003). Gordin et al. proceed to cite different cases that demonstrate the interplay of science and ideology. They examine the state of science amid political and social upheavals in France, Japan, Soviet Union, the United States, and China. The different examples clearly have similarities and differences, and several conclusions were made. First, science is not determined by ideology, nor is it entirely not influenced by ideology. Second, there is no regime that has attempted to invariably enforce on its scientists an ideologically correct science. A part of the regime or certain individuals might have attempted to do so, but they do not represent the entirety of the political system. Furthermore, there are certainly other reasons for the attempt apart from the goal to enforce an ideologically correct science. Third, not one ideology, not even democracy, was successful in imposing its ideological standards to its scientists. According to Gordin et al. communist governments might appear to have been more imposing, but in fact, they were even more flexible and practical at times (Gordin, 2003). Evidently, there are similarities and differences in the relationship between science and ideology in the examined cases, but bottom line is, no political system has shown itself to be better or worse at harnessing science. This is because scientists frequently respond to the pressures they face from the government by sim ply cooperating with the regime instead of resisting or attempting to transform it. In summary, Gordin et al. ’s â€Å"Ideologically Correct Science† in Walker’s â€Å"Science and Ideology: A Comparative History† presents a relevant examination of science and ideology as earlier works mostly focused on Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union only. The analysis, although sacrificing depth over breadth, gives an expanded view through the use of different cases and regimes where the relationship can be more closely examined. Second, the careful analysis helps us arrive at a thorough understanding of the issue. While we assume that science should generally be uninfluenced by any factor, more so by political and ideological ones, it is certain that we agree, to some extent, that it is influenced and shaped by ideology through the imposition of its standards and requirements. The essay of Gordin et al. helped clarify that the relationship between the two is not simplistic as it seems. In fact, their interaction can best be described as complex and subtle. Finally, the essay is well organized as it gives a brief introduction of the topic before citing the individual cases and finally presenting the conclusions of the work. Overall, it is a must-read for individuals interested in the relationship between ideology and science in the 20th century, particularly on how science is shaped under different ideologies in different countries.

Chapter Three Doc

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3. 0 INTRODUTION This chapter deals with research method. The research methodology applied for the purposes of this study covered areas like research design, population of study, sampling technique, data collection method, data analysis method and limitations. 3. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN Research design is therefore a plan for a research work, which aims at providing guidelines, which the research work is being conducted. The study employed a descriptive survey research design.A survey research design seeks to obtain information that describes existing phenomenon by asking individuals about their perceptions, attitudes and values (Mugenda and Mugenda, 2003). Descriptive survey research design is the systematic collection of data in standardized form from an identifiable population or representative (Oso and Onen, 2009). This design was adopted for this study because it intensively described and analyzed the role of employee welfare services on productivity of the e mployees of the case company. The method of questionnaire and interview are used in data collection.Data are presented in tables and a descriptive method is adopted in analysis. 3. 2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY According to Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), target population is the members of a real or hypothetical set of people, events or objects the researcher wishes to generalize the results of the research. The study targeted a population of about 400 comprising of clerical staff, officers, senior officers, middle-level managers, and top level managers that constitute the workforce of Leadway Assurance Limited. 3. 3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE AND SAMPLING SIZEThe method of sampling used is proportional stratified random sampling. Firstly the whole population of employees is divided into departments, and a specific number of employees from each department were selected for the survey. The sample size of 100 employees was draw from the population. Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) observe that 30% of the target population is a good representation of the study. 4. 4 DATA COLLECTION METHOD The data for this study will be collected through the administration of structured questionnaires to a sample of employees selected from the head office.One hundred copies of the questionnaires were administered randomly to on the sampled employees. Eighty five (85) copies of the questionnaires were duly completed and returned which formed the basis of the analysis, while 15 of the questionnaires were considered as non-returns. The questions were tailored along a four point likert scale. The responses were coded and mapped into numeric values; the following mapping exists; strongly agree = 4 point, Agree = 3 points, Disagreed = 2 points, Strongly disagree =1 point (Azika,1991). 3. 5 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD The study adopted descriptive statistics in its analysis.Descriptive statistics according to Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) includes the statistical procedures that produce indices that summarize data an d describes the sample. Presentation of data was done by the use of charts and tables. The data collected was analysed using pie charts, tables and percentages. Due to the volume of the data involved Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used employed to perform the statistical analysis. REFERENCES Madumere S. C (2012) A Guide to Research Methodology Vitaman publishers Lagos Mugenda, O. M. & Mugenda, A. G. (2003), Research Methods; Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches.Nairobi: Acts Press. Oyaide, W. G. , 1977. The Role of Direct Foreign Investment: A case study of Nigeria, 1963-1973. United Press of America, Washington D. C. Root, F. R. , 1984. International Trade and Investment. 5th Edn. South Western Publication Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Serven, L. and A. Salimano, 1992. Private investment and macroeconomic adjustment: A Survey. World Bankobserver, 7(1). Tadaro, M. P. , 1999. Economic Development. 7th Edn. , Addison Webley Longman Inc. Reading Massachusetts. Voiv odas, C. S. , 1973. Exports, foreign capital and economic growth. J. Int. Econ. , 3(1).

The Effects of Civil War in Kurdistan

Pshtiwan Abdulla Oct 30, 2010 Writing composition Mr. Gray The Effects of Civil War in Kurdistan Generally talking about war will remind us lots of incredible actions that have been happened to many nations. Civil war is one of the most pernicious wars that brings calamity to a nation. As many other countries, civil war in Kurdistan left many incorrigible issues which some of them still exist. Some of these problems are huge obstacle in the way of development in Kurdistan. Gaining supremacy and disclaiming each other between the two dominant parties were the factors to befall this ruinous war.During the civil war, Kurdish people were encountered many social, economical and political crises. Some of the negative effects that Kurdish civil war had were, dividing the Kurdish government, leaving native soil, losing countless of people, creating instability of economic growth and coming external interferences. Dividing the government into two parts in Kurdistan was one of the biggest trou bles that harmed people. In that time, Kurdistan was divided into two governments, Sulaimani government and Hawler government, that each of them had its own conditions and rules.Having two antagonist local governments facilitated the way for doing some crimes and criminal actions. For example, if a man who had committed a sin or robbery in one of the regions, he could escape there and stay in the opposite region without any threat. The governments were not judging anyone who had done a fault in the contrary government. Furthermore, some families had no chance to stay in a part that their party had left, so thousands of families were forced to leave their homes and businesses. Immigration and leaving motherland was another dreadful affects that civil war left.Young generation, who is the dynamic force in all societies, left their country and settled in European countries. Thereupon, Kurdistan lost the majority of its superlative class, and it was one of the weakest points of the prog ression of Kurdish society. Losing their home and businesses because of the war pushed people to immigrate and leave their birthplace. In that time, almost all families had lost a son or a member of their family, and parents believed that sending the rest of their sons to overseas countries would save them. Many of the migrants were killed in the borders and drowned in the European seas.Some of these immigrants still have no citizenship and any valid answer to stay there. Thousands of people in both sides were involved in the war, and it was the cause of killing a myriad number of people. Losing this massive number of people especially young people is still a giant barrier to unifying both regions. Even though, the two previous governments are unified now, but it is still obvious that each party governs its own region. Besides, it created enmity among families, and some of them are waiting for an occasion to revenge each other.Fourteen years after war, some families scare of return to their locations, and they still live in some cities where are not belong to them. Another big effect of losing this people is that a vast number of children lost their fathers and grew up in orphan hood. They were the first victim of civil war because many of them ran into poverty; they gave up their education and had to work to help their families. At that time, Kurdistan was a battlefield, and it was an insecure region to economic investments. Businessmen and industrialists were scared to run their business because there was no warranty to save their assets.Also, because of instability and insecurity, foreign manufacturers and Businessmen were scared to investment in Kurdistan. Commerce between Kurdistan and neighbor countries was the only trade that Kurdish tradesmen were doing. Most of these trades were contraband that people were running in the borders. Furthermore, some of the private and public industrial units were demolished. For example, the powerhouse of Dukan which wa s giving the electricity for almost twenty cities was disabled by one of the two parties. Having lots of military checkpoints between the cities was another impediment that was harming the merchants.Also, misspending an immense amount of public money and using it to buying armaments was another factor that decreased the growth of economic in Kurdistan. Civil war facilitated many ways to coming external interferences into Kurdistan. Foreign countries especially neighbor countries had many negative impacts on Kurdish politics. They interfered almost in every area such as economy, security, social affairs and politics. For example, during the war in 1996, PDK requested Iraqi central government to send its troops to Kurdistan and fight against PUK.After that, in the same year, PUK demanded Iranian government to help them in fighting against PDK. Raising the rate of overseas intervenes got a point that Iranian spies terrorized thousands of members of Iranian Kurdish political parties who have settled in this part of Kurdistan. Overall, civil war in Kurdistan had many negative impacts on Kurdish people, and there were many tragedies that will never be forgotten in the peoples’ memory. Economical, political and social crises were the difficulties that faced Kurdish people during the civil war.Facing lots of hardships created numerous of problems that some of them are irremediable and still exist. The civil war was the most effective cause to evolve many dreadful and harmful actions. Brothers against brothers and losing a limitless number of young people are an injury that still has many injurious influences on Kurdish society. Bisecting government, leaving home, losing people, instability and exterior interferences were the effects that civil war left, and they damaged many achievements that Kurdish people had achieved.

Essay Othello Versus O

Othello vs. O (The main differences between the play and Movie) Although the movie â€Å"O† is a production based on Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, several differences exist between the two such as women’s social status, Iago’s personality change, and the type of language employed by the characters. Desi plays a strong woman who won't let any man put her down.She stands up to Odin several times during the movie, showing that twentieth century women have higher status in society than they did in Shakespeare's time. In the movie, Desi assertively says, â€Å"If you want to be with me don’t ever talk like that to me again, ever! † Desdemona seems much more compliant to her husband's demands, even when she knows that she is going to die. Rather than run, she goes to her bedchamber and gets ready for bed, perhaps suspecting that it will be her last night alive.At the beginning of the play she declares just how loyal she is to Othello by sayi ng â€Å"to you [father], I am bound for life and education; I am hitherto your daughter: but here's my husband, and so much duty as my mother showed to you, preferring you before her father, so much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor my Lord†(Hall,). Desdemona knows her place in society and that is that she should be loyal to her husband or else she has been an unworthy wife. Iago’s character changes drastically in the movie compared to Shakespeare’s play.He would be considered the perfect villain in the play. He never seems to get fazed when he destroys Othello and Desdemona's relationship, when he makes Othello go crazy or when he kills Rodrigo: â€Å" My medicine, work! Thus credulous fools are caught†(Hall, 124). There are two major motives that drive Iago to destroy Othello’s life. The first being his hatred for Othello for not promoting him. His second motive is his desire for importance in society and Othello is a human being th at is blocking his pathway to glory. His character in â€Å"O†, Hugo, is a little bit different. He is trying to†¦

Challenges Of Implementing Renewable Energy Essay

Challenges Of Implementing Renewable Energy - Essay Example The UK government wants to develop this energy source as a viable and active contributor to the economy. However, developing and using these free energy sources is not very easy and a number of challenges and barriers need to be overcome. These challenges include technical, social and financial challenges (Scottish Power, 2004). This paper will examine renewable energy sources in this context and suggest solutions to overcome the challenges. The UK government has undertaken a few projects to meet its obligations of reducing greenhouse gases. As per the Kyoto protocols, a signatory to the protocols and this includes the UK, have agreed to cut down their emissions to pre-1990 levels. The UK faces a huge problem of reducing the carbon levels and emissions since it mostly relies on coal-fired power plants and nuclear plants for power generation. For 2006, the total amount of Green House Gases - GHG emitted in the UK was the equivalent of 7,076 million metric tons of CO2. It is estimated that from these emissions about 2344 Teragrams were due to CO2 emissions from the activities of standard and old electricity power grids (SmartGrid GB, 2012). Other than nuclear power, all other systems and plants generate excessive carbon. Domestic and household consumption in the UK makes up for 60% of the power used while other users such as industries, utilities, offices, and infrastructure consume the rest. Automobiles account for more t han 75% of fossil fuel consumption (Williams, 2010). To promote the use of green and clean energy systems, the UK government has initiated a project that funds and supports solar energy by residential homes (Bullis, 2012). The proposal is called ‘Feed-In Tariff – FIT’. This project involves encouraging households to install small solar panels with solar PV that can generate electricity. The Department of Clean Energy of The UK government has undertaken a few projects to meet its obligations of reducing greenhouse gases. As per the Kyoto protocols, a signatory to the protocols and this includes the UK, have agreed to cut down their emissions to pre-1990 levels.

Club it part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Club it part II - Essay Example ‘CLUB IT’ Business Issues As more and more customers are visiting the club, there is no mechanism to emphasize individual customer perspective, resulting in vague customer management. For instance, customer interest and likenesses related to the club activities. In this way, the organization cannot take appropriate decisions based on the interest and likenesses of the customers of the club. Likewise, there is no data of ‘customer interaction’ with the ‘Club IT’ services; the staff cannot entertain the customer in a better way. Moreover, there is no interaction of customers with the ‘Club IT’ system. The club currently does not support analytical monitoring of the stock items. It means that the supplier do not know the product demand in the club. The club does not guarantee to provide the merchandize the customer wants. This may impact in a negative customer loyalty issue. The club’s mission is to earn the loyalty of the custo mer. There is no criterion for setting strategic goals for better management, customer relations and satisfaction. The organizations must evaluate the strategic planning activities for the betterment and growth. The planning relies on the available assets of the organization. This area also needs improvement as planning is essential before implementing any strategy. For understanding key issues having a significant impact on the survival and success of the organizations strategic planning is an essential process (Efendioglu & Karabulut, 2010). Implementing E-commerce Systems For making the 3 p relating to (peoples, employees and culture) Customer relationship management system is required. The basic factors which enabled the implementation of customer relationship management systems are the expansion of computers and the global telecommunication infrastructure (Lost'akova, 2009). Customer Relationship Management Customer relationships are occurring on several levels in the club. CRM will share the customer relationship data within the organization employees for making better decisions, follow ups on all dissimilar levels in dealing with the customer. The CRM system will make a customer a useful entity for the organization. The customers are authorized to find information and services to acquire a conclusion resulting in fewer customer staff and order entry. The customer relationship data is centralized and is accessible to all the Club’s employees. It means that all the customer data and history are just away from the ‘click of the mouse’. The customers will feels as a part of the ‘Club IT’ team because they will get what they want, as only delighted customers provides a superb level of loyalty. If the customer satisfaction amplifies, Club IT will get more business and revenue. Supply Chain Management System Supply chain management systems are implemented globally for utilizing their supply chain activities in a productive approach for competitive advantages (Kanji & Wong, 1999). By implementing supply chain management systems, the ‘Club IT’ will able to reduce costs and maximize productivity for inventory and stock management

Two-Variable Inequality Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Two-Variable Inequality - Speech or Presentation Example Write an inequality that limits the possible number of maple rockers of each type that can be made, and graph the inequality in the first quadrant. The; is (0,200) the line slants from the left dropping to right. The line represented is solid. The pertinent segment in the graph is the 1st quadrant. The shaded region is from the line and ends at the origin of the graph. A chain furniture store faxes an order for 175 modern rocking chairs and 125 classic rocking chairs. Will Ozark Furniture be able to fill this order with the current lumber on hand? If yes, how much lumber will they have left? If no, how much more lumber would they need to fill the order? Explain your answers. A graph was obtained by drawing x axis horizontally and y axis vertically. An inequality equation was formed based on the questioned above and thereafter used to draw the graph. The shaded region was identified which then was used to obtain the solutions of the

Strategic alliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic alliance - Essay Example Therefore, they are very pertinent issues for organizations and for the viability of the same. Moreover, author rightly claims that if managers fail to accurately assess risk, they can lose a big opportunity which could have been exploited for greater gains. In the current environment of highly competitive business and escalating cost of healthcare, strategic alliances can provide the firms with competitive advantage and significantly promote business interests at lower cost. Though, failure rate of alliances is relatively high, but correct risk analysis and comprehensive study of pros and con of the strategic alliance can hugely benefit organizations to expand and compete against their rivals. Richardson (2011) says that strategic alliances in healthcare industry have become critical inputs that not only help to meet the challenges of recessive environment but also facilitate easier access to healthcare delivery by larger demographic segment, especially the vulnerable segment of the society. Most importantly, I believe that in the current times, strategic alliances must be encouraged as they tend to divide the risks and double the profit. Richardson, V. (2011) Crossing Strategic Alliance Borders to 2025: Healthcare in an Era of Globalization. Retrieved from

Animal,Vegestable, Miserable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animal,Vegestable, Miserable - Essay Example Gary presents meat consumers’ argument that God created only human beings in His image and, therefore, are more close to Him than the animals. They argue that God created the animals to satisfy human dietary needs. The Bible and other Christian thinkers have ample support for the argument. Others argue that humans suffer most due to the human capacity for abstract thought. Jeremy explains that animals live in the present and have no sense of the future. Vegetarians call for a more humanely raised meat. Gary questions the intelligence of the human race in reference to their act of ignoring the practices of animal killing. People kill approximately 53 billion animals every year for food. Gary argues that if humans cared about the animal’s welfare, they would renounce consumption of animal products. It is often a significant challenge for vegetarians to live in a meat-crazed society. Vegetarians avoid all kinds of animal products ranging from leather, silk, wool and the animal associated cosmetics and medications. Gary Steiner’s thoughts presented in the book is an arguable subject. The various arguments of the issue will depend mostly on individual’s opinion. To some people, it is a standard practice while to others it is a ridicule of the

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops Dissertation

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops - Dissertation Example The ability to learn a language involves many areas of the brain. The association areas located in the parietal lobe with connections to the temporal and occipital areas are involved in language experiences by functionally facilitating a variety of language-related behaviours such as vision, body awareness, touch, spatial orientation, verbal comprehension, localisation of objects in space, abstract and complex cognitive functions of mathematical reasoning and formulation of logical thoughts stemming from visual experiences (Lezak, 1997). This area of the brain was termed this association area in the parietal lobe as the â€Å"association area of association areas† while others named this association area the â€Å"  cortex† (Lezak, 1997). The right hemisphere is also involved when organizing a narrative, an expression and during recognition of emotion in the tone of voice as well as regulation of rhythm and intonation of speech.  The specialization of the left hemis phere in language processing, neuronal systems used for grammatical, semantic and lexical processing have been found to be affected by early language experiences (Carlson, 2001). Studies also indicate that right hemisphere involvement is present since much of the language processing requires spatial location, motion; and specialization and differentiation of these neuronal circuits are related to the proficiency of the language. It is known that verbal behavior is lateralized and the functions of the left hemisphere are more specialized for the analysis of sequential stimuli such as speech. Speech consists of sounds arranged into sequences of words. Cortical language areas primarily associated with localization of language-related functions are on the left hemisphere around the Sylvian fissure, inferior frontal lobe which harbors Broca’s area, and Wernicke’s area, located in the posterior temporal lobe (Carlson, 2001).

Future Direction of Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Direction of Healthcare - Assignment Example In an instance where the health physician’s quality of work is based on customer experience, there is a likelihood that most physicians will opt to only handle patients who are easier to treat and ignore those with chronic illnesses. Furthermore, there is a likelihood that the doctors may perceive this form of pay to be unfair. This is especially so if the good doctors are underpaid while those who do not do their work so well are paid better (Miller, 2014). Administrators need to come up with a standards measure for quality if they ever expect this initiative to work. If the doctors feel like they are being paid in accordance to their performance, they are likely to work harder and improve customer experience. Currently, there is a heightened shortage in the number of skilled nurses and practitioners in the health sector who can care to individual patients and the overall population as a whole, which can be interpreted to signify that the demand is higher than the supply. Most of the nurses are under skilled and are incapable of meeting the required performance standards which consequently affects patients health care. Employers are faced with the problem of coming up with strategies that will help cub the problem of unskilled workers and ensuring that all the health workers meet the required standards to ensure future survival of the organization. Some of these strategies include up-skilling and multi-skilling employees, employing younger employees, establishing some form of partnership between the organization and the educators and lastly ensuring the participation of mature workers. The employers can come up with strategies to maintain young employees in the organization considering the fact that they are at high demand and not easily available in the market. Mature employees have skills that the younger employees could benefit from hence why the employers should persuade them to

A Horror of not Rising Above Mediocrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Horror of not Rising Above Mediocrity - Essay Example However before I delve deeper into the dynamics of this field and why I chose this as my career, I will discuss a little about my wish to enroll in this remarkable institution. New York University - Preston Robert Tisch is one of the most prestigious institutions in the whole country and it would be an honor if I am given the opportunity to continue my education in this esteemed establishment. The center’s location is immensely unique and is found in the hub of global hospitality and tourism industry, which fills me up with the desire to be a part of this amazingly fast-paced culture. My desire to be a part of Preston Robert Tisch is further strengthened by my unshakeable faith in myself, motivation and ample amount of knowledge pertinent to the field, which according to me is the ideal recipe for a successful career. And I can clearly envision my future in this fast-growing industry, which presents a myriad of opportunities and fields for people in its billion Dollar market. My interest in the field was fuelled along the years through academic training in the in the field. My first credential pertinent to the field was my high school certification in Food, Beverage, and tourism. On an academic front, I spent two years in a Law school majoring in Civil Rights. Then a subsequent three-year internship in Boulevard Hotel, Romania was sufficient to help me gain ample amount of familiarity with the profession. In the past few years, I have worked in the capacity of a Public Relations Coordinator in a franchise that was designed to assist the Vice President. Working in the franchise untapped my potential as a leader and helped me to broaden my horizon through performing tasks such as development and execution of integrated marketing and communications plans. My responsibilities involved scheduling, recruitment, coordinating,

Inside Islam notes Essay Example for Free

Inside Islam notes Essay

Jails and Prisons Essay Example for Free

Jails and Prisons Essay The four types of prisons are women’s, maximum, medium, and low security. Women’s prisons in our country are very different in some aspects as the male’s prisons. Women have greater needs than men do. They have to adjust to their needs, whether it is pregnancy, or the emotional needs of the woman. Maximum Security prison is a massive building with large inmate population. They offer tight security, high fences, thick walls, and secure cells. They are very closely monitored concerning every moment they are incarcerated there. (Schmalleger, 2011)Medium security prisons are permitted more freedom generally than the maximum security prisoners. They receive more privileges such as they can go to the prison yard, exercise room, and the library. They still strict security but they have more freedom. (Schmalleger, 2011) Minimum security prisons offer a number of programs for the prisoners. They offer services to help rehabilitate the prisoners. The primary force behind the minimum security is the prisoners’ own restraint. They are there because of their behavior and they have the choice to stay there and do well or get transferred to another level based on their behavior. (Schmalleger, 2011) These types of prisons are also classified as federal, state, women, and private prison’s. Even though every one of these institutions is different they are all there for the same reason. Prisons are made to house the most violent to the first time offenders. The concept of the institutions is to provide safety to the communities from these offenders. To keep control and keep them housed in a facility to spend out their sentence. (Schmalleger, 2011) Jail plays a very important role in our criminal justice system. Before an inmate gets sentenced to prison, they are often watched in jail to see how they react with others. Based on how they act in jail usually decides what kind of prisoner they will become. Jail is also used in our system for those spending less than a year in jail, to keep down overcrowding of prisons. They house individuals pending arraignment, readmit probation or parole, temporarily houses juveniles, the mentally ill, and bail bond violators. They also hold individuals for the military, they transfer inmates to their designated facility, and they also operate community-based programs. In conclusion all of the prisons and jails in our country work together like a fine oiled machine. They work together to ensure that an inmate gets from one place to another. They also work together to ensure the inmate remains safe and that the public is safe from the offenders.

Development Of Strategic Project Management Management Essay

Development Of Strategic Project Management Management Essay In the past project management was considered tactical to facilitate the running of individual projects such as constration of new plant, installation of new software/hardware but it did not enavble organizations to grow over time by achieving strategic objectives such as entering into new markete, new product increasing markete/shareholder share etc. Grundy and Brown mention that it is reasonable for the organizations to combine project management and strategic management into a process that they call strategic project management. Link from strategy to project management -it is a process influence by internal external change -orginasation vision give rise ideas of strategic breatkthroughs -this lead to the establishment of strategic progrrame , then strategic projects. the Standish Groups Research Report, Resolution of Projects, 20 May 2005, www.standishgroup.com/sample_research/PDFpages/q3-spotlight.pd ACCORDING to the report Roughly 70% of projects were failed 40% end users complained problems 50% projects were rolled back and discontinued 40% projects were reworked as a result wastage of financial resources The rout cause of the failure of these projects was 1-business requirement was not understand properly in strategic point of view 2-There was no connection between strategy and projects. Organizations must -Explain where they want to be [future] -identify problems and define which project/program requires to correct them such as cost reduction, staff reduction, getting to market faster. -Identify its internal/externial resources both human and financial -Manage change management initiative effectively by motivating employess to move into goal congrance along with organisation -Perform project portfolio management in order to identify which project will add value in strategy -Monitoring and managing investments in projects in terms of strategy, ROI,and NPV Project Portfolio Management (PPM) According to Callahan Brooks (2004) PPM is the use of the appropriate management knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to maximize the alignment of the companys project portfolio Principles of PPM So PPM is a technique for selecting those projects that are well align and contribute to strategy Select those projects that support business strategy Optimize projects and resources to make sure maximum return to company -use accouting tecquotes in order to quantify benefits such as ROI, NPV Perform risk management Portfolio managers must monitor planned and actual performance in terms of time, budged/scope and quality and then report to portfolio management. in order to align with strategy portfoloio management keep itself inform/update of any strategic change and those components which no longer support of company strategy might be discontinued. Today PPM is becoming popular in modern business and the markete for project portfolio management software is growing fastally and offering these tools =Support whole project life cycle Resourceallocation,wbs,charts Detail project planning Gartner research The main reason of success is that portfolio managers combine strategy and it,s project rather than traditional tactically focused projects. Environmental change forces and strategic project 1-PESTEL 2-PORTER 5 FORCES Business environments usually change and organizations adopt the change into their strategies and this new development constitutes a project. Strategic planning: some strategis are developed in incremental way and project management is way of making ad hoc strategy more deliberate and as a result better considered. Strategic implementation: pm play important role in this stage of strategy so it must be able to handle complex, ambiguous and political issues and ensure it support overall strategy A wider strategic awareness is necessary in all members of pm[ manager] as what organization actually needs. Excellency in Project Management [ core competence ] (PMMM) Kerzner suggests that where PM is core competence, a continous improvement approach should be taken to developing and consolidating the methodology. Organizations has always been seeking ways to achieve excellency in PM and continusally adopted different methologies and supportive culture. Kerzner describes a five level project management maturity model (PMMM) of continuous organizational improvement which provide guidance to the organizations in order to achieve excellency in PM methology. Level 1 Common Knowledge The importance of PM to the organization is understood and basic training and technique is provided Level 2 Common Processes Successfully implemented process are standardized and PM principles are recognosed and can be used for future projects and support other methodology such as TQM Level 3 Singular Methodology Organization combine all coporate methologies into a singular metholodgy and recognize synergic effect and PM is placed at the centre of single corporate methology. Level 4 Benchmarking In order to achieve competitive advantage based on process improvement organizations continually undertake benchmarking Level 5 Continuous Improvement Information achieved through benchmarking can be use to make improvement of the singular methodology This model is particularly used in corporate training and career development routes for project managers Effect of Human Resource Management on Strategic Project Management HRM are strategic asset and core competence of the organizations The efficient HRM management of and integration with organisational goal is crucial for strategic success, as, for example, noted Gary Hamel , managing the various technologies and knowledge and learning became the foundation the core competence and competitive advantage of company for producing products or services. The objective of resource management to ensure the right people and the skills necessary to implement certain projects. Besides using different operating personnel requirements of the functional department of company, every organization also use its functional HR force for selected for projects as well .. Due to the increasing costs of human resources in todays economy, it is expected that this trend as multitasking will continue. According to the observation of Turner and Muller (2005) impact of HRM such as competency of project manager and leadership style was ignored in the past have direct impact on organizational capability to implement its strategy. SPM recognizes the leadership and management skills are rare, with an emphasis on business, and very valuable. Therefore, it is their expertise which leads to tacit knowledge which is the important factors for sustainable competitive advantage. PROJECT MANAGER It is likely that project manager will be appointed by and be responsible to a higher level of management who manage project. Skill required by PM -knowledge of company strategy -leadership and teambuilding -organisational ability -communication skills -technical knoledge of project -inter personnel skills Leadership style There is no single best leadership style due to different personality style of managers. However leadership style adopted will affect the way decisions relating to the project are made. Although an autocrative [ more consultative style ]may prove successful in some situations because members of project feel more a part of the project. Efficient skills of Project Leaders Long experience in managing projects and dealing with the problems it faces, allowing them to see through complexity and get to the heart of the matter. . A desire to get things done, to accomplish something and make a contribution. vi. Have Excellent political and diplomatic skills iii. The ability to see through the eyes of others and empathize with others, and that the contribution tolerate underperformance or bad team ix. Win loyalty of others, charisma courage, and empathy with people please . Gap Analysis Gap analysis is widely used in business strategy to target the gap between the expected future strategic performance and likely future performance. It may be in a similar way in project selection and definition as a way to create what both projects should be found out and what their scope should be. Research philosophy and approach the researcher focuses on gradually finding out his research conclusion by applying critical interpretations methods. The literature describes two different approaches that can be applied in this thesis deductive and inductive. A deductive approach to research is believed to scientific research, the researcher developed a hypothesis tested and examined to determine a suitable theory. the researcher will gradually formulate the theory [ strategic project management ] by applying Exploratory Research and critical evaluation of research variables and followed inductive research approach , which offer more flexibility and opportunity for the researchers to research topics Research Strategy Researcher adopted appropriate research strategy such as inductive and distcriptive research and used secondary research methods.The researcher used up-to-date historical research approach and get evidence through case study evidence and electronically research report of companies relate to Software and Construction /Engeerning industry for example Standish Groups Third Quarter Research Report 2005 states Roughly 70% of projects were failed and the rout cause of the failure of these projects was There was no connection between strategy and projects. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This section is divided into five categories ,which explain the research process of each category in detail. Research methods This research sought data collection using the multi-method, or combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Basically, the quantitative approach is used facts and continues where researchers wish to acquire the statistical truth. Information about the Topic/industry is gathered mainly by secondary sources and script analysis. Secondary sources which I used include Text books, websites [ such as Gartner research Standish Groups ], analysie the work done by some researchers on Institute of Project Management in Dublin [importance of HRM in SPM ] . online surveys, newspapers, journals/articles ,research reports , media and personal experiences. I did not use primary source because my chosen topic [ SPM] cover the many huge compines who operate in different sectors so this was difficult to get primary information of eatch company. Ethics will be taken in to consideration while gathering information and if any issues arise, they would be disclosed and resolved. Research out come In general, following findings have been obtained from research report. Some individual projects are considered tactical but organisational project management [ manage projects in alignment with strategic objectives ] are strategic advantage for the company. SPM and PPM provide great advantage to the organisation which help to identify those projects which add value. There are great advantages for an organization to review its PM function and upgrade and operate into SPM practices involved in the selection of projects. The concept of Organizational Project Management based on the sense that a relationship exists between the organizational skills in project management, program management and portfolio management and efficiency in implementing the strategy. Importance of the human factor in SPM as they help to achieve common strategic goal of organization such as project completion on time, within cost and to the quality laid down in the initial specification Industory backround I have chosen software and construction/engeerning industries for undertaking my research report such as gartner research and Standish Groups Research Report. According to these reports there shoud be a link between PM, PPM and Strategy for overall success. I analysed the wordk done by some researchers on Institute of Project Management in Dublin who found , how organisations transfers their project management capabilities into a strategic asset? LIMITATIONS Research shows there are many Organizations that ignored the important fact or alignment projects with corporate strategy. Primary source was ignored so not all research report is reliable Due to short time period I couldnt prepare a perfect research report at high quality I didnt choose one specific industry and my research methods also limited to some companies. Conclusion In fact, senior leadership management should participate in defining the selection and prioritization of projects and all projects should have measurable targets development of guidelines for organizations to ensure alignment with the strategic vision of the organization. REFEREBCES Callahan Brooks (2004) Standard for Portfolio Management