A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- Literary Analysis, Flannery OConn

A brilliant storyteller during the mid-twentieth century, Flannery O'Connor wrote intriguing tales of morality, ethics and religion. A Southern writer, she wrote in the Southern Gothic style, cataloging thirty-two short stories; the most well known being â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find.† Mary Flannery O'Connor was born on March 25, 1925, in Savannah, Georgia. Raised in her mother's family home in Milledgeville, Georgia, she was the only child of Regina Cline and Edward Francis O'Connor, Jr. Although little is known about Mrs. O'Connor's early childhood, in Melissa Simpson's biography on O'Connor, Simpson states that O'Connor attended St. Vincent's Grammar School in Savannah where she would rarely play with the other children and spent most her time reading by herself. After fifth, grade, O'Connor transferred; to Sacred Heart Grammar School for Girls; some say the reason for the transfer was that it was a more prestigious school than the former. She later enrolled in Peabody High School in 1938, entered an accelerated program at Georgia State Collge for Women in the summer of 1942, and in 1946 she was accepted into the Iowa Writer's Workshop at the University of Iowa (4 Simpson). According to American Decades, O'Connor earned her masters degree from the University of Iowa with six short-stories that were published in the periodical Accent (n pg Baughman). After college, O'Connor's writing career continued. During her brief career as a writer, O'Connor contracted lupus in which she ultimately died. In Short Stories for Students, Kathleen Wilson states that while O’Connor was writing her first novel Wise Blood, which she started while attending the prestigious Yaddo writers’ colony, she suffered her first attack of lupus, a chronic, ... ...Grandmother† (O’Connor 179). The Grandmother’s deviousness and immorality is evident in the beginning of the story. While reading the newspaper article about the Misfit, the Grandmother brings it to Bailey’s attention. In Short Story Criticism, Mary Jane Schenck writes â€Å"For Bailey, the newspaper story is not important or meaningful, and for the Grandmother it does not represent a real threat but is part of a ploy to get her own way† (Schenck 220). â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† begins with an innocent road trip, however, due to coercion by the Grandmother; it soon turns into a fatal nightmare. In Short Story Criticism, Martha Stephens writes â€Å"†¦ it is true that in a trivial sense everything that happens is the Grandmother’s fault†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She continues with â€Å"It is in the conscious of the Grandmother that we continue to experience the action of the story†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stephens 196).

Research Paper Essay

Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic This case is provided at the end of chapter 3 of your text (Luthans and Doh). After reading the case, and performing research on the topic, answer the following questions: 1.) Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? 2.) What are the principal arguments of pharma companies who oppose making exception to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for a differential treatment? 3.) What impact would you expect South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drug imports from Western nations to have on the international distribution of drugs to South Africa? 4.) In June 2002, the WTO extended the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) had to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals. In your opinion, do you think this is an appropriate change in policy, or a dangerous precedent? What could be some of the negative ramifications of this resolution? What about effects for other industries? 5.) Given the initiatives announced by global development and aid organizations and among pharmaceutical companies themselves, was it necessary to relax IPR rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be available for distribution in the developing world? 6.) What role do MNCs have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global Fund? Present your answers using APA-format: Eight to ten pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font. Also, please be sure to cite all scholarly information paraphrased or quoted from your researched sources of information on the case topic. Finally, be sure to include a separate Reference Page on which you list all of your research information sources according to correct APA citation style, depending on the kind of source: book, chapter, published article, internet article, etc. Submit this assignment to your instructor in Learning Plan 6 via the Assignment Drop Box labeled Research Paper. This assignment is worth 275 points and will be graded based on the Writing Intensive Rubric. Be sure that your paper shows multiple revisions with improved focus and clear writing for a general audience. Please remember to check your paper against the criteria in the Writing Intensive Research Paper Rubric before submitting it (see link above in this paragraph). Also, please let your Instructor know if you have any questions at all regarding producing or submitting this Research Paper assignment as the course progresses.a

Equilibrium: Supply and Demand and Price

Test Version A SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONS Mid-Term Assessment ECON 30110 Microeconomics II Time Allowed: 50 minutes Instructions for Candidates This exam counts for 30% of the Module Grade. All questions carry equal marks. Note there is NO negative marking Correct answer is worth 1 mark. No answer or more than one answer, will both receive a 0 mark. Incorrect answer will receive a 0 mark. Attempt all 20 questions. Shade in the box in the appropriate space with a HB pencil on the RESPONSE SHEET. Write the test version at the top of the RESPONSE SHEET You may use the paper provided to make notes or calculations to help you.Instructions for Invigilators Foreign language/English dictionaries are permitted. Non-Programmable Calculators are permitted NO MOBILE PHONES ALLOWED 1. If two people in a pure exchange economy have identical utility functions, then they: a) may want to trade if their marginal rates of substitution are different b) will want to trade if they are on the contract curve c ) will not want to trade if their consumption bundles are not Pareto-efficient d) will only want to trade if they are not at their endowment e) may want to trade if the price ratio is not equal to one nswer a If MRSA is not equal to MRSB, the two consumers will be able to arrange a mutually beneficial trade. Mutually beneficial trade will not occur only when the allocation of resources among A and B is already efficient. In the case of our two-consumer economy, MRSA=MRSB indicates an efficient allocation of goods (on contract curve). 2. Suppose in a two-good (X and Y) two-person (Ann and Bob) exchange economy, the MRS for person A is YA/XA and the MRS for B is YB/XB. The total amount of X is 40 and the total amount of Y is 40.Ann has an initial endowment of 10 units of X and 30 of Y, while Bob has the remainder. This implies: a) No trade will take place. b) Ann will give some of Y to Bob in exchange for X. c) Ann will give some of X to Bob in exchange for Y. d) Ann will give some of X and Y to Bob. e) There is no enough information to make any predictions Answer b: MRSA = 30/10 = 3 Ann will give 3Y for 1X (or 1Y for 1/3X) MRSB = 10/30 = 1/3 †¦. Bob will give 1Y for 3X (or 1X for 1/3Y) Ann will trade Y for X (gives 1Y for min 1/3X and Bob accepts †¦.. n exchange for 1 Y will give up to 3X) 3. An Edgeworth Box is shown for individuals A and B, along with the contract curve. Which of the allocations b through i can be reached through free trade from â€Å"a†, and once they have been reached no further mutually beneficial trade is possible? a) Allocations b, e and f only b) Allocations c, i and f only c) Allocations d, c, i, g and h only d) Allocations c and i only e) None of these Answer: d Given endowment a, only points within the lens shaped area are mutually beneficial, or pareto superior (so points c, i and f).That is to say, any point outside of this lens would result in at least one of the individuals being worse off compared with point a. However, at only the points on the contract curve illustrate outcomes that are pareto efficient – where the indifference curves are just tangent (MRS of A and B are equal). That is to say, pareto efficiency means that no one can be made better off without someone else being made worse off. So all the gains from trade are exhausted and no further mutually beneficial trade is possible. Point f is not on the contract curve, represents a case where MRS of A and B are different, and hence a case where further mutually beneficial trade is possible. ) 4. An Edgeworth Box is shown for individuals A and B. The endowment point E represents the initial allocation of the goods X and Y. A price line is shown passing through points E, A and B, representing a given price ratio of –PX/PY. At this given price ratio, which of the following statements is True? a) We are at a competitive equilibrium ) To achieve a competitive equilibrium, the price of good Y will rise and/or the price of good X must fall c) To achieve a competitive equilibrium, the price of good X will rise and/or the price of good Y must fall d) To achieve a competitive equilibrium the price of both goods must rise e) We cannot achieve a competitive equilibrium given the initial endowment Answer b At the given price ratio, there is excess demand for Y and excess supply of X. This means that the price of good Y will rise and/or the price of good X must fall.Process continues until all excess demand and supply are eliminated, and IC tangent to each other (on the Contract curve) and to the price line (which will now be flatter. So in the competitive equilibrium all markets clear, MRSA = MRSB = PX/PY. (see lecture overheads) 5. Suppose the production possibilities for two countries, A and B, producing two goods, X and Y, are as follows: | A| B| X| 2| 7| Y| 4| 7| They can each produce any linear combination as well. Measuring X on the horizontal axis, the joint production possibility frontier: a) will k ink away from the origin at 7 units of X. ) will kink toward the origin at 7 units of X. c) will kink away from the origin at 2 units of X d) will kink toward the origin at 2 units of X e) will not have a kink answer: a jointly the countries can produce either a total of 9X or 11Y. MRT of A is – 4/ 2= -2 MRT of B is – 7/7 = -1 Country B has comparative advantage in X (gives up 1Y for additional 1X †¦ whereas country A needs to give up 2Y for an additional X). Country A has a comparative advantage in production of Y (gives up 1/2 X for additional 1Y †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ whereas B must give up 1X for additional Y) Jointly then can produce 9 X and 0 Y †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ or 11Y and 0 X.These define the intercepts of the joint PPF. Kink arises where both countries specialise in good in which have a comparative advantage: so B produces only X (i. e. 7X) and A produces only Y (i. e. 4Y) If jointly produce more than 7X then B produces only X, and A both X and Y (with MRT of -2). If jointly produce more than 4Y then A produces 4Y and B both X and Y (with MRT of -1). Hence answer a 6. Competition results in the efficient product mix because: a) the slope of the production possibility frontier will equal the slope of the contract curve. b) the distribution of the final output is Pareto efficient. ) producers are setting MRT equal to minus the price ratio while consumers are setting MRS equal to minus the price ratio ensuring that MRT will equal MRS. d) consumers are on the contract curve e) none of these answer c ( see self assessment sheet 2, Q1, part iv. 7. One test of whether a firm is a profit-maximizing monopoly is to check whether the firm is operating in the elastic portion of its demand curve. Why is this a relevant test and what would the elasticity be if the firm were maximizing revenue? a) If a firm were operating in the inelastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit.Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals â₠¬â€œ 1. b) If a firm were operating in the inelastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 0. c) If a firm were operating in the elastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals – 1. d) If a firm were operating in the elastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 0. e) None of these. Answer a see lecture and also self assessment sheet 3, question 1 part (v) for related question) 8. Consider a firm that is the sole producer of a homogeneous product. It faces a market demand function of Q =100 – P , where P is the price of the good, and Q is the quantity of the good demanded. The firm’s costs of production are given by 40Q. The profit maximising price is then given by: a) P = 100 b) P = 60 c) P = 30 d) P = 70 e) None of these so lution d: Monopoly. Profits ? = TR-TC Profit max where MR = MC Q = 100 – P and hence P = 100 – Q So TR = 100Q – Q2 So MR = 100 – 2Q TC = 40Q so MC = 40 MR = MC implies 100 – 2Q = 40Thus Q = 30 Therefore P = 100 – 30 = 70 9. Consider a firm that is the sole producer of a homogeneous product. It faces a market demand function of Q =100 – P , where P is the price of the good, and Q is the quantity of the good demanded. The firm’s costs of production are given by 40Q. Then the firm’s Lerner index is equal to: a) 1/2 b) 3/4 c) 11/7 d) 1 e) None of these Answer e: none of these From previous question, optimal P = 70 Lerner index = (p-c)/p = (70 – 40)/70 = 30 / 70 = 3/7 10. This figure shows the demand and cost curves facing a monopoly. 80 60 40 20 800 600 400 200 0 The deadweight loss of the monopoly is: a) 48000 ) 4000 c) 2000 d) 32000 e) None of these Answer c: Draw in MR curve – cuts horizontal axis at ? Q of demand function, and has same intercept at the D on the vertical axis. MR cuts horizontal axis at Q = 40 Setting MR = MC allows monopolist to charge P = 600 (and output of Q = 20) (note: alternatively, from picture can see that expression for demand function is P = 800 – 10Q †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. when Q = 0 then P = 800 †¦.. and slope given by – 800 / 80 = – 10 Hence, TR = 800Q – 10 Q2 and so MR = 800 – 20Q. Set MR = MC we get Q = 20 and substituting into inverse demand we get P = 600) Competitive output occurs where P = MC = 400 and so Q = 40DWL = area of shaded triangle = ? (600 – 400) * (40 – 20) = 100*20 = 2000 11. Suppose a monopolists price elasticity of demand is –5, and the marginal cost of production equals â‚ ¬80. The monopolist’s profit maximising price is then equal to: a) 75 b) 400 c) 16 d) 100 e) Cannot be computed with the information given Answer d Lerner index = (p-c)/p = 1/e So (p – 80)/p = 1/ 5 Hence solving for p gives p = 100 12. If the government regulates a natural monopoly by forcing it to set a price equal to Marginal Cost then a) the natural monopoly will still make high profits. b) the natural monopoly will shut down ) the natural monopoly’s marginal cost curve will shift down. d) the natural monopoly's marginal cost curve will shift up. e) the natural monopoly will earn zero profits answer b. Natural monopoly has MC below AC. So p = MC would mean loss – which would mean exit 13. perfect price discriminating monopolist: a) generates a deadweight loss to society. b) Provides quantity discounts to customers buying larger quantities c) charges each buyer her reservation price. d) charges different prices to each customer based upon different costs of delivery. e) reduces, but does not eliminate, consumer surplus nswer c see lecture. With perfect price discrimination each consumer charged reservation price, which allows monopolist to fully extract consu mer surplus (so CS is zero) and maximises total social welfare (so no deadweight loss) 14. A monopoly sells to two countries, and resales between the countries are impossible. The demand functions of the two countries are given as P1 = 100 – Q1 P2 = 120 – 2Q2 The monopolists marginal cost is â‚ ¬30. The profit maximising monopolist will set prices as follows: a) P1 = 65 and P2 = 75 b) P1 = 35 and P2 = 22. 5 c) P1 = 68. 33 = P2 d) P1 = 100 and P2 = 60 ) None of these Solution a: Profit max monop will choose p1 to max profit in country 1, and choose p2 to max profit in country 2. We have two separate demand functions. Hence, this implies MR1 = MC and set MR2 = MC TC = 30Q TR1 = 100Q1 – Q12 MR1 = 100 – 2Q1 = 30 MC Solving: Q1 = 35 And hence P1 = 100 – Q1 = 65 TR2 = 120Q2 – 2Q22 MR2 = 120 – 4Q2 = 30 MC Solving: Q2 = 45/2 = 22 ? And hence P2 = 120 – 2Q2 = 120 – 45 = 75 15. Two firms, A and B, selling identical products fac e an inverse market demand function given by P = 100 – Q, and each have a constant marginal cost of 40.The firms simultaneously choose quantities to maximise profit. Firm A’s reaction function can then be written as: f) qA = 30 – qB g) qA = 30 + ? qB h) qA = 60 – qB i) qA = 30 – ? qB j) None of these Answer d: DEMAND : P = 100 – Q Two firms in the industry, so Q = qA + qB Hence we can write P =100 – qA – qB Profit function for firm A: = TR – TC = P qA – C Thus, ? A = 100qA – qA2 – qAqB – 40qA Firm A will choose qA to maximise profit, given the qB set by its rival B †¦.. First order condition for profit maximisation then is A / ? qA = 100 –2 qA – qB – 40 = 0Rearranging, we find qA = (60 – qB) / 2 = 30 – ? qB †¦.. this is firm A’s reaction function †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in order to maximise it’s profit, firm A will choose and output qA that is a best response to qB †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Identical firms, so similarly qB = 30 – ? qA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. this is firm B’s reaction function †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in order to maximise it’s profit, firm B will choose and output qB that is a best response to qA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Two firms, A and B, selling identical products face an inverse market demand function given by P = 100 – Q, and each have a constant marginal cost of 40.The firms simultaneously choose quantities to maximise profit. The equilibrium outcomes are: k) P = 40 and qA = 30 = qB l) P = 60 and qA = 20 = qB m) P = 70 and qA = 15 = qB n) P = 100 and qA = 20 = qB o) None of these Answer b Solving reaction functions: 1) qA = 30 – ? qB 2) qB = 30 – ? qA Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) we can then solve for the optimal qA that A should choose to maximise profits†¦. qA = 30 – ? (30 – ? qA) qA = 20 Since we have identical firms, we know that similarly we can so lve for qB = 20 Market quantity Q = qA+ qA = 40 And we can solve for the market price.Since P = 100 – Q this implies that P = 60 17. In a Bertrand model with differentiated products p) price is independent of marginal cost. q) firms set price at marginal cost. r) firms set price independently of one another. s) firms can set price above marginal cost. t) price may be either equal to or above marginal cost answer d 18. In a homogeneous good Bertrand model, the equilibrium price u) declines with the number of firms in the market v) is independent of the number of firms in the market w) is independent of marginal cost x) is above marginal cost . ) is the same as the monopoly price answer b (note n = 1 implies a monopoly and not an Oligopoly). for n = 2, p = mc †¦.. and for all n;2 price = mc so price does depend upon mc, is equal to mc, and is independent of the number of firms in the market 19. In the long run in a monopolistic competitive market, a) Firms will set P ; MC and produce where P = AC b) Firms will set P ; MC and produce where P ; AC c) Firms set P = MC and produce where P = AC d) Firms set P = MC and produce where P ; AC e) Total Social Welfare is maximised Answer a Have market power: set P ; MC †¦. ut no entry barriers, so in long run all profits are eroded and so P = AC and profits are zero 20. The payoff matrix for two firms, A and B, that must choose between setting a High or Low price strategy is shown as follows: | Firm B| Firm A| | Low| High| | Low| (10 , 10)| (25 , 5)| | High| (5 , 25)| (20,20)| A Nash equilibrium in this game is: a) Both firms set a High price b) Both firms set a Low price c) Firm A sets a Low price and firm B sets a High price d) Firm A sets a High price and firm B sets a Low price e) There is no nash equilibrium in this game Answer b

4 Personality Types Taught by Angels

The four personality types taught by angels are different because each person has different personality, personality, character, ability, sensibility, so that each person succeeds. Therefore, successful methods can be widespread, but you need to consider the rules of success depending on the type of different personality. However, many authors of books on How to Succeed will create success rules only based on the type of personality. If a person has the same personality type as the author of How to Succeed, that person may like the successful way of that author. Have you heard that someone is a person of type A? Have you ever thought what they mean? In fact, there are four different personality types that fall into the main categories. They are called type A, B, C, D. Each personality type has specific features and characteristics that distinguish it from other types. People of personality type A tend to concentrate on competition. They like to attain greatness and they do not like i t when they need to spend a lot of time to experience success. People with this character often tackle multiple projects at the same time in many cases. Because, in most cases, it needs to be seen as a winner. They sometimes feel unsafe. Especially, in order not to be regarded as a success and to have the opportunity to achieve the goal quickly, we will go to a breakthrough on a regular basis. The four personality types taught by angels are different because each person has different personality, personality, character, ability, sensibility, so that each person succeeds. Therefore, successful methods can be widespread, but you need to consider the rules of success depending on the type of different personality. However, many authors of books on How to Succeed will create success rules only based on the type of personality. If a person has the same personality type as the author of How to Succeed, that person may like the successful way of that author. When you know what you are look ing for, there are four easy-to-find consumers. There are six types of fiscal expenditure, combined with four personality types, you can use a powerful collection tool as a collector. As a good collector tells you, knowledge is the most powerful tool in the collection. Analysis of collections and sales Consumers look for facts and data. People with this type of personality will study facilities before they touch. They are not those who decide to pay the debt. They may first check the debt to the customer or insurance department. Prior to making a decision or deciding a decision, we will focus on validating information and selecting it.

Civil Liability and Private Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Civil Liability and Private Police - Essay Example The concept of having a police force is based on the concept of prevention of crime, because at the end of the day prevention is better than cure or punishment. The role and duties of the police forces across the globe are somewhat all the same, however, their authority and power to implement and prevent crimes is variable. For instance some countries like Iceland, New Zealand and Norway do not allow the police sergeants or other personnel to carry fire arms. Policing was essentially a matter administered by the governments or the states, and therefore the police forces were known as public police, because police was paid from the taxes submitted by the taxpayers (Pastor, 2003, pp. 6-7). Policing is apparently the duty of public police that is under the control of the state; however, there are other bodies that can also contribute towards maintenance of law and order, protecting private property, and safeguarding individuals. This kind of police force is controlled or owned by non-governmental entities, which find themselves under threat or feel insecure for their property. Over the last few decades, there has been an enormous shift in the employment of private police. Currently, the number of private security official exceeds the number of persons present in the federal police force. There are several factors that have contributed towards this transformation (Sklansky, 1998, p. 1170). The increasing rate of crime, threat of terrorism, corruption in the public sector, and the increase in the private property are the main reasons for the rapid expansion of private police in the United States of America after 9/11 (Enion, 2009, p. 521). The ever increasing crime rate in America and other parts of the world indicate the inefficiency of the public sector in providing security to the people. Moreover, public police is perhaps regarded as one of the most corrupted department under the executive command. Despite, being the first line

Prevalence and detection of depresion among aged care residents with Essay

Prevalence and detection of depresion among aged care residents with cognitive impairment - Essay Example However, there is treatment for depression, the preventive nature is always best for any ailment and if the depression could be prevented, that will be an important issue for analysis. Though, cognitive impairment is not hindrance in detecting depression, the alertness of use of antidepressant medicines is low in older people prescribed for the treatment. The consideration of cognitively impaired people equal with normal people adds additional importance to the study and analysis. The reasons for not detecting the depression in old people are also important. One of the implications of later life depression is the irrational thinking resulted due to depression. The depression influences the irrational thinking and as a result the rational approach can be damaged. This is the result of personality styles at older age are distinctly related to depression. The study of Leon Hyer et al revealed that the irrational thinking and cognitive impairment affect the personality styles. (Leon  Hyer et al, 2005) As the depression influences the irrational thinking, it can have negative implications on psychology of the older people. Even though, there are some factors that are not affected by the depression and irrational thinking, the resultant irrational thinking due to depression is an implication on psychology of the older people. The detection of depression and its psychological depend on methodology adopted. Testing before and after recovery, is one of the powerful methods of identifying the cognitive impairments and depression. The important concern about methodology is about using inappropriate definitions about the extent and nature of depression. The inappropriate definitions may lead to the illusion of recovery of patient, despite poorer performance at baseline memory measures. Another methodological concern is about age, microvascular disease and cognitive impairment in depression. As age

The Life of an Outsider in New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Life of an Outsider in New York - Essay Example On the other hand, Mosley paints a less romantic picture of America by detailing struggles of the working class. He says that although America is a land of great wealth, it has a large population of the poor population. The paradox of the situation is that while the poor people make the wealth for the rich people, the wealth is retained by a smaller part of the population. It is essential to highlight that immigrants usually provides the highest population of workers. Such workers do low-end jobs that involve tedious work. Mosley blames the middle class for their negligent attitude on the phenomenon of income inequality (White 187).   Ã‚  Capitalism, therefore, is a disease to the country since it relies on wage labor as a contributor to profits. In spite of its importance, labor is not adequately compensated for the same. On the other hand, Mosley paints a less romantic picture of America by detailing struggles of the working class. He says that although America is a land of great wealth, it has a large population of the poor population. The paradox of the situation is that while the poor people make the wealth for the rich people, the wealth is retained by a smaller part of the population. It is essential to highlight that immigrants usually provides the highest population of workers. Such workers do low-end jobs that involve tedious work. Mosley blames the middle class for their negligent attitude on the phenomenon of income inequality (White 187). Capitalism, therefore, is a disease to the country since it relies on wage labor as a contributor to profits. In spite of its importance, labor is not adequately compensated for the same.